Improving the quality of ASC of thermal power plants by specifying the optimality criteria for technical and economic indicators.

Abstract

The article analyzes the factors affecting the technical and economic indicators of the operation of power units of power plants. Based on the deviation of the actual values of the parameters
from the optimal normative and design values, the coefficients of change of energy consumption relative to the consumption of primary energy are determined, namely: due to the action of internal factors; caused by external factors; caused by the imperfection of the equipment. Their numerical determination is based on thermal calculations of individual elements of power equipment with continuously changing parameters characterizing the course of processes in these elements (temperature,
pressure, flow, etc.). It is shown that with the simultaneous burning of several types of fuel, the optimal normative parameters change depending on the quantitative ratio of the types of fuel being
burned. The total deviation of fuel consumption is determined as a set of changes in fuel consumption
caused by the deviation of the actual values of the parameters from their design values. Accordingly,
the deviation of fuel consumption due to the influence of the analyzed factors of the steam generator,
turbine, mechanisms of the unit’s own needs, the range of fuel and starts, as well as the influence of
changes in operating modes, the amount of energy released, the actual range of fuel, the quality of operation, as well as the real operating conditions of the equipment, its design and assembly quality, are
taken into account. The analytical dependence of the determination of the difference between the actual measured fuel consumption and the actual estimated fuel consumption, which characterizes the
amount of imbalance, was obtained. The ways of further improvement of the automated control systems of thermal power plants, which consist in reducing the consumption of fuel, heat and electricity
for their own needs, were determined. The study presents a scheme for determining the actual estimated net fuel consumption of power units, utilizing a calculation method that takes into account various analyzed factors. The scheme enables addressing questions related to the factors that influence
the overall technical and economic indicators of power units, including what aspects are influential,
how they affect the indicators, and to what extent. Incorporating these criteria into automated control
systems for individual equipment, power units, and entire power plants will enhance the quality of
control systems. By utilizing the proposed scheme, improvements can be achieved in the efficiency
and effectiveness of power unit operations, leading to enhanced technical and economic performance.